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Introduction
The zeroOrMore
parser combinator is now a function that takes two parsers as input and returns a third parser as output. This higher-order parser is unlocking the ability to parse gigantic strings with very work. This is starting to seem extremely powerful and maybe we’re starting to see “the point” of parser combinators.
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Exercises
Many higher-order functions on
Array
are also useful to define onParser
as parser combinators. As an example, define acompactMap
with the following signature:((A) -> B?) -> (Parser<A>) -> Parser<B>
.Define a
filter
parser combinator with the following signature:((A) -> Bool) -> (Parser<A>) -> Parser<B>
.Define
filter
in terms ofcompactMap
.Define an
either
parser combinator with the following signature:((A) -> Either<B, C>) -> (Parser<A>) -> Parser<Either<B, C>>
.Redefine the
double
parser using parser combinators likeoneOf
to be more resilient than the one we’ve currently defined. It should handle positive and negative numbers and ignore trailing decimals. I.e. it should parse"1"
as1.0
,"-42"
as-42.0
,"+50"
as50.0
, and “-123.456.789” as-123.456
without consuming".789"
.
References
Combinators
Daniel Steinberg • Friday Sep 14, 2018Daniel gives a wonderful overview of how the idea of “combinators” infiltrates many common programming tasks.
Just as with OO, one of the keys to a functional style of programming is to write very small bits of functionality that can be combined to create powerful results. The glue that combines the small bits are called Combinators. In this talk we’ll motivate the topic with a look at Swift Sets before moving on to infinite sets, random number generators, parser combinators, and Peter Henderson’s Picture Language. Combinators allow you to provide APIs that are friendly to non-functional programmers.
Parser Combinators in Swift
Yasuhiro Inami • Monday May 2, 2016In the first ever try! Swift conference, Yasuhiro Inami gives a broad overview of parsers and parser combinators, and shows how they can accomplish very complex parsing.
Parser combinators are one of the most awesome functional techniques for parsing strings into trees, like constructing JSON. In this talk from try! Swift, Yasuhiro Inami describes how they work by combining small parsers together to form more complex and practical ones.
Regex
Alexander Grebenyuk • Saturday Aug 10, 2019This library for parsing regular expression strings into a Swift data type uses many of the ideas developed in our series of episodes on parsers. It’s a great example of how to break a very large, complex problem into many tiny parsers that glue back together.
Regexes vs Combinatorial Parsing
Soroush Khanlou • Tuesday Dec 3, 2019In this article, Soroush Khanlou applies parser combinators to a real world problem: parsing notation for a music app. He found that parser combinators improved on regular expressions not only in readability, but in performance!
Learning Parser Combinators With Rust
Bodil Stokke • Thursday Apr 18, 2019A wonderful article that explains parser combinators from start to finish. The article assumes you are already familiar with Rust, but it is possible to look past the syntax and see that there are many shapes in the code that are similar to what we have covered in our episodes on parsers.
Sparse
John Patrick Morgan • Thursday Jan 12, 2017A parser library built in Swift that uses many of the concepts we cover in our series of episodes on parsers.
Sparse is a simple parser-combinator library written in Swift.
parsec
Daan Leijen, Paolo Martini, Antoine LatterParsec is one of the first and most widely used parsing libraries, built in Haskell. It’s built on many of the same ideas we have covered in our series of episodes on parsers, but using some of Haskell’s most powerful type-level features.
Parse, don’t validate
Alexis King • Tuesday Nov 5, 2019This article demonstrates that parsing can be a great alternative to validating. When validating you often check for certain requirements of your values, but don’t have any record of that check in your types. Whereas parsing allows you to upgrade the types to something more restrictive so that you cannot misuse the value later on.
Ledger Mac App: Parsing Techniques
Chris Eidhof & Florian Kugler • Friday Aug 26, 2016In this free episode of Swift talk, Chris and Florian discuss various techniques for parsing strings as a means to process a ledger file. It contains a good overview of various parsing techniques, including parser grammars.